The Pilgrim's Progress: Other Literary Devices

The Pilgrim's ProgressOther Literary Devices

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Genre

Religious allegory

Narrator

An anonymous person wandering in the wilderness who stops to sleep and dreams the stories of the pilgrims Christian and Christiana. The narrator does not have a consistent presence in the book and focuses mainly on the characters’ actions and basic feelings, like fear and joy, with little psychological complexity.

Point of view

The narrator speaks briefly in the first person at the beginnings of Part I and Part II but then quickly moves into a third-person account of the pilgrims in which their stories are told objectively, as an outside observer would perceive their actions. Once in a while the narrator becomes omniscient and explains the emotional states of the characters.

Tone

Earnest, sermon-like

Tense

Past

Setting (time)

Unspecified

Setting (place)

A fictional realm that allegorically maps out a spiritual journey

Protagonist

Christian (Part I), Christiana (Part II)

Major conflict

The pilgrims face a series of obstacles and thwarters on their way to the Celestial City.

Rising action

The pilgrims approach Mount Zion, overcoming obstacles one by one.

Climax

In Part I, Christian nearly drowns in the river near the Celestial City but survives. In Part II, Christiana’s group slays Maul and vanquishes Giant Despair.

Falling action

Christian takes up residence in the Celestial City at the end of Part I. At the conclusion of Part II, the Master calls the pilgrims to their deaths.

Foreshadowing

Evangelist predicts that either Christian or Faithful will die in the town of Vanity, and then Faithful dies there. Christian and Hopeful glimpse the Celestial City through the shepherds’ telescope before they arrive. When Mercy dreams of heavenly bliss, Christiana assures her she will later attain it in the Celestial City.

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