“The
most that can be said for the dwarves is this: they intended to
pay Bilbo really handsomely for his services; they had brought him
to do a nasty job for them, and they did not mind the poor little
fellow doing it if he would; but they would all have done their
best to get him out of trouble, if he got into it. . . . There it
is: dwarves are not heroes, but calculating folk with a great idea
of the value of money; some are tricky and treacherous and pretty
bad lots; some are not, but are decent enough people like Thorin
and Company, if you don’t expect too much.”
In this passage from Chapter 12,
the narrator makes an apology for the dwarves’ bad behavior in sending
Bilbo into the dragon’s lair all alone. The narrator implies that
the dwarves’ cowardice is not really their fault. Their character—their
greed and deceptiveness—is inherent to their race. Tolkien’s apologetic
explanation indicates the extent to which race is treated as a powerful
determinant of identity in his Middle-Earth. No character is capable
of breaking past the boundaries set by birth—goblins are all evil,
elves are all good, and so on. It is important to note, however,
that race in Middle-Earth is not the same as race in the real world.