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408-450 CE
Rule of Theodosius II in the East
Disappaerance of Rome in the West, growing Hun penetration south of Danube
451
Council of Chalcedon, Marcian’s rule
Church council declaring Monophysitism to be heresy, Marcian’s rejection of Hun tribute demands
474-491
Zeno’s Rule
Ostrogoths raid Byzantium, then sent west by Zeno; internal palace intrigues and civil unrest
476
Odovacar Deposes Last Roman Emperor
Rules in his place
488
Theodoric the Ostrogoth Arrives in Italy
Eliminates Odovacar
491
Anastasia Emperor in East
Schism with Rome develops due to his Monophysitism; beginning of Bulgar raids and Blues and Greens unrest
506
Clovis’s Conversion
Franks become Catholic, defeat Arain Visigoths at Battle of Vouille
511
Clovis’s Death
527-565
Justinian’s Rule
532
Nika Riots
After capital city insurrection, Emperor Justinian sends forces to conquer North Africa (533) and Italy (535-52) as well as southern tip of Spain (550)
542
Plague
Effects all urban areas of Mediterranean basin
568-575
Lombard Conquest of Italy
590-604
Pontificate of Gregory the Great
Consolidation of Papal Estates, provision of government to Rome, truces with Lombards, defenses against Lombards
629-638
Catholic Missions in England
Dagobert I in Francia; Heraclius’s victory over Sassanians and loss of Middle East to Muslims; Sassanian loss to Muslims at Qadisiyya
642
Collpase of Sassanian State and Its Islamic Conquest
656-661
Caliphate of Ali
Civil conflict in Islamic state between Ali and Ummayads founder Muawiya
663
Whitby Synod
Roman rite as rite for English churches; decision that it is legitimate to proselytize on the continent for Catholic church
674-677
First Muslim Siege of Constantinople
687
Battle of Tertry
Pepin II’s victory over Neustrian mayor; establishment of his family's dominance in Francia
711
Islamic Invasion of Iberia
715-720
Second Muslim Siege of Constantinople
Charles Martel’s control over Austrasia and Neustria
732
Battle of Tours
Charles Martel defeats Spanish Muslim forces at Poitiers in southern France.
741-751
Joint Pepin-Carloman Rule
Aistulf Lombard king in Italy; transfer of power from Ummayads to Abbasids
756
Ummayad Emirate in Spain
Last living Ummayad family member, Abd al-Rahman, escapes to Spain, founds state in Cordoba
768-814
Charlemagne’s Rule
Conquest of Saxons, setting up of border marches, conquest of Lombard Italy, imperial coronation, first Viking raids on Britain
814-840
Louis the Pious
Internal conflict in Carolingian state, beginnings of Arab seaborne raids in Mediterranean and conquest of Sicily, increased Viking raids
830s-950s
Viking, Magyar, and Muslim Raids
845
Vikings Begin Wintering at Mouth of Loire, Seine
878-886
Viking Siege of Paris
911
Charles the Simple’s Agreement with Rollo; East Frankish Carolingians Extinct
Charles allows Rollo to legally possess lands at mouth of Seine, Normans evolve; Conrad of Franconia chosen to replace Frankish kings
871-899
Alfred the Great’s Rule of Wessex
Restricts Vikings to Danelaw, strengthens Wessex Defenses
912-961
Rule of Abd al-Rahman III in Spain
919-936
Henry the Fowler in Germany
Re-Annexes Lorraine
925-939
Aethelstan’s Rule
Conquers the Danelaw
936-973
Otto I’s Rule
Defeats rebellious counts, defeats Magyars, establishes Saxon control in Italy
955
Battle of the Lech
960
Hugh Capet as Duke of Franks
Chosen by French counts because they wanted a weak ruler
