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3' Splice site
One of the conserved sequences of an intron. Contains an adenine next to a guanine base at the 3' end of an intron.
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5' Capping
One post-transcriptional modification made in the cell nucleus. The addition of a GTP molecule to the 5' end of a primary RNA transcript forming a 5'-5' linkage between the two.
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5' Splice site
One of the conserved sequences of an intron. Contains an guanine next to a uracil base at the 5' end of an intron.
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Alternative splicing
One of two forms of splicing in which splicing reactions other than those between two adjacent intron sequences occur. Can be either trans-splicing or exon-exclusion splicing.
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Branch point A
One of the conserved sequences of an intron. Contains an adenine base located approximately 30 nucleotides from the 3' end of an intron. Involved in the first step of primary RNA transcript splicing.
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Exon
Sequences that are preserved in primary RNA transcript splicing that will be translated into proteins in the cell cytoplasm.
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Guanyl transferase
The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that produces the 5' cap through the addition of a GTP molecule to the 5' end of a primary RNA transcript.
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Intron
Non-protein coding sequences of a primary RNA transcript that are removed and degraded during primary RNA transcript splicing.
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Lariat structure
Term given to describe the structure of the intron-containing products of the first and second steps of primary RNA transcript splicing. Contains a lasso-like loop in which the 5' end of the intron is linked to the branch point A through a phosphodiester linkage.
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Mature messenger RNA
Term given to primary RNA transcripts that have undergone appropriate post- transcriptional modifications and are ready for transport into the cell cytoplasm for translation into proteins.
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Poly A tail
One post-transcriptional modification made in the cell nucleus. A string of up to 500 adenines added to the 3' end of primary RNA transcripts. Addition catalyzed by the enzyme poly (A) polymerase that recognizes the sequence AAUAAA.
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Primary RNA transcript
The product of eukaryotic DNA transcription. RNA containing introns and exons.
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RNA splicing
A two-step reaction in which introns are removed from a primary RNA transcript and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA.
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Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
Protein components of the spliceosome that is responsible for helping in the splicing reaction of primary RNA transcripts.
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Spliceosome
The large, multi-component protein complex that mediates the splicing reaction of primary RNA transcripts.
