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Alleles
Variations of a given gene.
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allelic frequencies
The frequency with which a particular allele appears among the possible alleles in a population.
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Fitness
The probability that an individual will contribute its genes to the next generation.
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Genetic drift
Random changes in allelic frequencies due to chance rather than selection.
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Hardy-Weinberg equation
An equation used to find the allele frequencies in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For a two allele system, the Hardy-Weinberg equation would be (p + q)2 = 1 or p2 +2pq + q2 = 1.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
A state in which phenotypic and allelic frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in sexually reproducing populations.
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Natural Selection
The theory holding that competition exists within species, determining which species live to have offspring and pass their traits on to those offspring.
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Phenotype
The traits or characteristics an individual displays.
