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Antinomianism
A belief in Massachusetts Bay supported by Anne Hutchinson, which held that when God intervened to save someone that person became possessed by the Holy Spirit and therefore ceased to operate of his or her own free will. -
Arminianism
The belief that a person could choose his or her destiny–therefore in direct opposition to the Puritan belief of predestination. -
Arbella
The 350-ton flagship of the flotilla that brought Winthrop and the other settlers over to New England in 1630. Named for Lady Arbella, wife of Isaac Johnson, the highest-born person in the group. -
Body of Liberties
The body of laws written by Nathaniel Ward, which laid out the legal code and rights for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, also known as the Massachusetts Magna Charta. -
Boston
The economic and social capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. -
Charlestown
The small settlement across the harbor from Boston. Named for King Charles I. -
Church of England
The Church founded by Henry VIII in 1544 after his break with the Roman Catholic Church. -
General Court
The governing body of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which was composed of the governor, deputy governor, and eight assistants. -
Gray's Inn
One of the most prestigious Inns of Court in London. It is where Winthrop studied law. -
Groton
The old monastery that John Winthrop's grandfather, Adam Winthrop bought in 1544. -
Jamestown
The first permanent settlement in the New World in modern-day Virginia. Two earlier settlements at Roanoke had failed. -
Massachusetts Bay Company
The company that funded the expedition to settle Massachusetts Bay. It never became profitable. -
Model of Christian Charity
Sermon delivered by John Winthrop while aboard the Arbella, which laid out the religious virtues of the new colony. -
Pequots
The tribe of Indians in New England that warred with Massachusetts Bay in the late 1630s. The entire tribe was killed by 1640. -
Pilgrims
A group of Puritan religious separatists who fled to Holland from England and eventually settled in Massachusetts in 1620. -
Plymouth
The settlement in southern Massachusetts founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. -
Puritanism
The faith of Winthrop and his fellow settlers, who repudiated the corruption of the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. It called for the abolition of church hierarchies as well as the elaborate ceremonies performed by both churches. -
Salem
Small settlement near Boston where Winthrop and his fellow emigrants originally landed. Later, the settlement hired Roger Williams much to the consternation of the rest of the colony. -
Trinity College
College within Cambridge University where John Winthrop studied. His father, Adam Winthrop audited the college's finances for many years.
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